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sqlite的 union 子句/运算符用于合并两个或多个 select 语句的结果,不返回任何重复的行。
为了使用 union,每个 select 被选择的列数必须是相同的,相同数目的列表达式,相同的数据类型,并确保它们有相同的顺序,但它们不必具有相同的长度。
union 的基本语法如下:
select column1 [, column2 ]
from table1 [, table2 ]
[where condition]
union
select column1 [, column2 ]
from table1 [, table2 ]
[where condition]
这里给定的条件根据需要可以是任何表达式。
假设有下面两个表,
(1)company 表如下所示:
sqlite> select * from company;
id name age address salary
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 paul 32 california 20000.0
2 allen 25 texas 15000.0
3 teddy 23 norway 20000.0
4 mark 25 rich-mond 65000.0
5 david 27 texas 85000.0
6 kim 22 south-hall 45000.0
7 james 24 houston 10000.0
(2)另一个表是 department,如下所示:
id dept emp_id
---------- -------------------- ----------
1 it billing 1
2 engineering 2
3 finance 7
4 engineering 3
5 finance 4
6 engineering 5
7 finance 6
现在,让我们使用 select 语句及 union 子句来连接两个表,如下所示:
sqlite> select emp_id, name, dept from company inner join department
on company.id = department.emp_id
union
select emp_id, name, dept from company left outer join department
on company.id = department.emp_id;
结果如下:
emp_id name dept
---------- -------------------- ----------
1 paul it billing
2 allen engineerin
3 teddy engineerin
4 mark finance
5 david engineerin
6 kim finance
7 james finance
union all 运算符用于结合两个 select 语句的结果,包括重复行。
适用于 union 的规则同样适用于 union all 运算符。
union all 的基本语法如下:
select column1 [, column2 ]
from table1 [, table2 ]
[where condition]
union all
select column1 [, column2 ]
from table1 [, table2 ]
[where condition]
这里给定的条件根据需要可以是任何表达式。
现在,让我们使用 select 语句及 union all 子句来连接两个表,如下所示:
sqlite> select emp_id, name, dept from company inner join department
on company.id = department.emp_id
union all
select emp_id, name, dept from company left outer join department
on company.id = department.emp_id;
结果如下:
emp_id name dept
---------- -------------------- ----------
1 paul it billing
2 allen engineerin
3 teddy engineerin
4 mark finance
5 david engineerin
6 kim finance
7 james finance
1 paul it billing
2 allen engineerin
3 teddy engineerin
4 mark finance
5 david engineerin
6 kim finance
7 james finance